Design of automated lines :
13 products
DRY SOIL MIXING
Dry Soil Mixing is a highly effective ground treatment system used to improve the load performance characteristics of soft clays, peats and other weak soils . The process employs the effects of both
hydration and the bonding of soil particles to increase the shear strength and reduce the compressibility of the soil mass.
Settlement Control
Using purpose designed mixing tools, the system involves the injection of dry lime, cement or a combination of both materials directly into the soil. Lime is suitable for inorganic soil, giving immediate stiffness and dessication. Lime-Cement columns are used in organic soils such as peats and lacustrine silts and clays commonly found in Scandinavia and parts of the UK.
Design
Based on a simple examination of the type and thickness of the soft soil in combination with loading and deformation details an assessment is made whether or not the system is appropriate for stabilisation with the LC Method. Laboratory tests are undertaken using samples of the soil to be treated mixed with different proportions of of lime and cement. From these results\we can prepare a design and drawings indicating spacing,the amount of binder column diameter etc.
The dry soil mix/LC process process can reduce settlements beneath proposed embankments, roads, railways, hard standings and in reclamation schemes.
The system is particularly suited to soils that are too soft for even bottom feed vibroreplacement or where the costs of a fully suspended piled solution would be prohibitive.
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DYNAMIC DEEP COMPACTION
Dynamic deep compaction (DDC) is an important ground improvement technique, capable of compacting a wide variety of weak soils. The improvement results in increased bearing capacity and reduced
settlement. In this way soil conditions on many marginal sites can be improved to the point where shallow foundations can be used without recourse to deep excavation or piling.
Whilst the principle of dynamic deep compaction is of considerable antiquity, it is only in the past 15 years that the technique has been seriously applied on a large scale to the solving of problems by ground improvement. Keller have been actively engaged in successfully applying the system internationally during this period, and are able to offer DDC alongside their other geo-technical techniques to provide a complete ground engineering service.
With DDC, the ground is subjected to repeated surface tamping using a heavy steel and concrete weight. Typically the tamper weighs between 5 and 20 tonnes, dropping in free fall from heights of up to 25 metres. The tamper is dropped a set number of times on a grid pattern over the site to form a pass. Two to five passes on a site, dependent on soil type and condition, can be required. The imprints formed at each drop position are infilled with granular material after each pass.
The treatment pattern, energy level, number of passes and phasing of passes must be designed to take into account the soil conditions, type of development and required bearing capacity and settlement characteristics. It is essential to have a thorough understanding of the soils prior to treatment, and to maintain very close geo-technical control during all phases of the work. Typically, insitu testing by borehole or static cone penetrometer, allied with measurement of print volume and site surface settlement is performed during the dynamic deep compaction contract.
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VIBRO COMPACTION PROCESS
The Vibro Compaction Process
This process is used in fully saturated and very weak soils. Water jetting removes soft materials, stabilises the hole and allows the stone backfill to reach the bottom
of the vibrator. This is then compacted and interlocked with the surrounding soil.
Vibro Compaction Construction method. This is a compaction process for purely granular soils.
It relies on the fact that particles of non-cohesive soil can be re-arranged into a denser condition under the influence of vibrations from specially designed poker vibrators.
The action of the vibrator, usually accompanied by water jetting, reduces the inter-granular forces between the soil particles allowing them to move into a more compact configuration.
This process is used in fully saturated and very weak soils. Water jetting removes soft materials, stabilises the hole and allows the stone backfill to reach the bottom of the vibrator. This is then compacted and interlocked with the surrounding soil.Vibro Compaction Construction method. This is a compaction process for purely granular soils.It relies on the fact that particles of non-cohesive soil can be re-arranged into a denser condition under the influence of vibrations from specially designed poker vibrators.The action of the vibrator, usually accompanied by water jetting, reduces the inter-granular forces between the soil particles allowing them to move into a more compact configuration.
After a certain compaction time, the particles are arranged in such a way that the optimum density has been achieved.
Keller's Vibro Compaction process ensures permanent densification above and below the water table. Tidal variations and natural changes in ground water level do not adversely affect the stability of the densified granular soil.
Vibro Compaction has been used to achieve in-situ densification of loose sands to depths in excess of 30 metres.
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Keller
VIBRO STONE COLUMN
Construction methods
Keller's Vibro Replacement method of constructing stone columns through fill material and weak soils, to improve their load bearing and settlement characteristics, provides an
economic and technically sound solution to a wide range of geotechnical and foundation problems.
To construct the stone columns, the vibrator is allowed to penetrate to the design depth and the resulting cavity is filled with hard inert stone, free of clay and silt fines. The required interaction between the stone columns and the surrounding soils, is developed by the stone infill being introduced and compacted in stages, each charge of stone being thoroughly compacted
stone columns and the confining soils form an integrated foundation support system having low compressibility and improved load bearing capacity. In cohesive soils, relatively rapid consolidation is achieved through excess pore water pressures being readily dissipated by the stone columns.
The stone column layout can be arranged to suit varying combinations of load, soil type and required settlement performance. In general, column spacings are in the range of 1.2 to 2.3 metres beneath main load bearing foundations, and up to 3.0 metres beneath floor slabs.
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