Armfield Limited

United Kingdom

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C7 Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Apparatus - Issue 11 Pipe surge and water hammer are two related but independent phenomena which arise when fluid flowing in a pipe is accelerated or decelerated. The associated pressure transients can be damaging to pipework or components and systems must be designed to avoid or withstand them. The equipment designed by Armfield clearly demonstrates the different effects resulting from gradual or instantaneous changes in fluid velocity (created by slow and fast valve closure). Effect of initial fluid velocity can also be investigated. Pipe

surge resulting from a gradual change in fluid velocity is clearly seen as fluctuating changes in head in a surge shaft. Water hammer resulting from a rapid change in fluid velocity is clearly seen as large changes in pressure monitored using a pair of transducers and indicated using an oscilloscope.
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